Giulio Ongaro is Associate Professor of Economic History at the University of Milano-Bicocca. He obtained his PhD in Economic History at the University of Verona, with a dissertation on the construction and management of the Venetian military structure in the mainland territories and its effects on local economies. His research focuses on the relationship between economic inequality, the management of local finances, and the inclusiveness of political institutions in the early modern period, as well as on the management of natural resources. More broadly, his interests range from early modern rural history to the history of agriculture and labour history. He is currently Principal Investigator of a PRIN 2022 PNRR project on Political Inclusion and Inequality in the Preindustrial Italian Alps (1500–1800), and research unit coordinator of the PRIN 2022 project Coping with Environment: Economy, Ecology, and Sustainability in Early Modern Northern Italy (1500–1800) and of the CARIPLO–Inequalities Research project Taxation, Public Expenditure, and Economic Inequality in Preindustrial Venetian Lombardy (1400–1800).